Diseño de dietas alimentarias para soldadores y paileros a partir de su gasto energético / Design of food diets for welders and smiths based on their energy expenditure

RESUMEN Introducción: el desempeño laboral en algunos puestos de trabajo, determina un alto nivel de carga física por parte de los trabajadores, por lo que se impone la necesidad de disponer de una adecuada dieta alimentaria para mantener la salud física y mental. Objetivo: se desarrolló una investigación para diseñar una dieta alimentaria para soldadores y paileros a partir del gasto energético en actividades laborales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de campo que partió de una muestra no probabilística de soldadores y paileros de la Empresa Industrial Ferroviaria José Valdés Reyes. Se ejecutó un procedimiento que permitió la determinación de la dieta alimentaria de los trabajadores a partir del gasto energético de las actividades que desarrollan. Se aplicaron ciertas técnicas de observación directa, entrevistas, tormenta de ideas, medición directa de variables fisiológicas y ecuaciones para el cálculo del gasto energético. Resultados: se diseñaron tres variantes de dietas ajustadas al gasto energético de tres puestos de trabajo de la mencionada empresa. Conclusiones: se espera que la aplicación de las dietas diseñadas contribuya a mantener una buena salud de los trabajadores de esos puestos de trabajo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the working performance of certain jobs determines a high level of physical load from the part of the workers, for what the necessity is imposed of having an appropriate food diet to preserve the physical and mental health. Objective: to design a food diet for welders and smiths starting from the energy expense in working activities. Materials and methods: a field study was carried out starting from a probabilistic sample of welders and smiths from the Industrial Railroad Enterprise Jose Valdes Reyes. A procedure was performed allowing to determine the energy expenditure of the activities they develop. Several techniques like direct observation, interviews, brain storm, direct measure of physiological variable and equations were used to calculate the energy expenditure. Results: three diet variants were designed adjusted to the energy expenditure of the three working places of the before mentioned enterprise. Conclusions: it is expected the application of the designed diets will contribute to keeping good health of the workers in those working places (AU).

Saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem: revisando as estratégias de promoção à saúde / The health of nursing professionals: reviewing health promotion strategies / Salud de los trabajadores de enfermería: revisando las estrategias de promoción a la salud

Objective: The study's purpose has been to further understand the health promotion strategies towards nursing professionals. Methods: It is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, which is composed of 23 articles that answer the following guiding question: What are the health promotion strategies developed for nursing professionals? Results: The findings were gathered into four strategy groups, as follows: Promoting the Work Planning, which are based on regulating the workload and salary relationship; Promoting Knowledge, which are focused on the professional update through the use of technologies; Promoting Physical Activity, aiming to guarantee the access to physical exercise, both intra and extra the work environment; and, Promoting Integrative and Complementary Practices, indicating music therapy, relaxation techniques and yoga, which together with the other ones might contribute to reduce work stress, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular problems. Conclusion: The work planning can be considered the main strategy of health promotion for nursing professionals, since it is associated with the development of the others

Objetivo: Conhecer as estratégias de promoção à saúde para os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa composta por 23 artigos que respondem a questão norteadora: Quais as estratégias de promoção à saúde, desenvolvidas para os trabalhadores de enfermagem? Aplicou-se uma abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: As estratégias para Promoção da Organização do Trabalho pautam-se na regulação da relação carga de trabalho e salário. As do Conhecimento, na atualização profissional com uso de tecnologias. Já as da Atividade Física, na garantia do acesso ao exercício físico, intra e extra, ambiente de trabalho. As de Promoção de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares indica a musicoterapia, as técnicas de relaxamento e yoga, que em conjunto com as demais, contribuem para reduzir o estresse laboral e problemas musculoesqueléticos e cardiovasculares. Conclusão: A organização do trabalho pode ser considerada a principal estratégia de promoção à saúde para trabalhadores de enfermagem, pois a ela associa-se o desenvolvimento das demais

Objetivo: Conecer las estrategias de promoción a la salud para los trabajadores de enfermería. Método: Revisión integrativa compuesta por 23 artículos que responden a la cuestión orientadora: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de promoción a la salud, desarrolladas para los trabajadores de enfermería? Se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: Las estrategias para Promoción de la Organización del Trabajo se basan en la regulación de la relación carga de trabajo y salario. Las del Conocimiento, en la actualización profesional con uso de tecnologías. Las de la Actividad Física, en la garantía del acceso al ejercicio físico, intra y extra, ambiente de trabajo. Las de Promoción de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias indica la musicoterapia, las técnicas de relajación y yoga, que en conjunto con las demás, contribuyen para reducir el estrés laboral y problemas musculoesqueléticos y cardiovasculares. Conclusión: La organización del trabajo puede ser considerada la principal estrategia de promoción a la salud para trabajadores de enfermería, pues a ella se asocia el desarrollo de las demás

Mental health nurses' encounters with occupational health services.

BACKGROUND: Staff well-being is vital to the functioning of the UK National Health Service (NHS). Mental health nurses (MHNs) with personal experience of mental illness can offer a professionally and personally informed insight into the occupational health (OH) service offered by their employer. AIMS: To investigate MHNs' views of OH provision in the NHS, based on their personal experience. METHODS: A qualitative interview study using a purposive sample of MHNs with personal experience of mental illness. RESULTS: Twenty-seven MHNs met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis identified three themes: comparisons of 'relative expertise' between the mental health nurse and the OH clinician; concerns about 'being treated' by a service at their work; and 'returning to work'. CONCLUSIONS: OH provision in mental health settings must take account of the expertise of its staff. Further research, looking at NHS OH provision from the provider perspective is warranted.

Impact of patients' access to medical records in occupational medicine.

Background: Information technologies offer new ways to engage with patients regarding their health, but no studies have been done in occupational health services (OHS). Aims: To examine the advantages and disadvantages of providing written and oral medical information to patients in OHS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were retrieved from patients visiting four different OHS during 2014-15 for a fitness for work evaluation. We built a semi-quantitative satisfaction questionnaire, with responses ranging on a Likert scale of 1-5 from very dissatisfied (1) to very satisfied (5). Results: There were 287 questionnaires available for analysis. The number of patients who received detailed oral and written information, which included an explanation of their health condition and of the occupational physician's (OP's) decision, was higher in clinics 1 and 3 compared to clinics 2 and 4 (48 and 38% compared to 21 and 31% respectively, P < 0.05). When patients were provided with detailed oral and written information, they declared having a better understanding (4.3 and 4.4 compared to 3.8 respectively, P < 0.001), a higher level of confidence in their OP (4.4 and 4.3 compared to 3.7 and 4 respectively, P < 0.001), a higher level of satisfaction (4.3 and 4.4 compared to 3.8 respectively, P < 0.001) and a higher sense of control and ability to correct the record (1.8 compared to 1.4 respectively, P < 0.01), compared to patients who received partial information. Conclusions: We recommend sharing detailed oral and written medical information with patients in OHS.

[Occupational health in China, an emerging issue]. / La santé au travail en Chine, une préoccupation naissante.

In Chinese factories, the prevention of occupational illness is inadequate. Public authorities have only recently started to pay attention to the issue. Individual and collective protection measures need to be developed, employees made aware of the issues and controls improved.

Transformación digital y Medicina del Trabajo / Digital transformation and Occupational Medicine

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of New York City Health Policy Initiatives in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, 1990-2011.

Beginning in 2002, New York City (NYC) implemented numerous policies and programs targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Using death certificates, we analyzed trends in NYC-specific and US mortality rates from 1990 to 2011 for all causes, any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Joinpoint analyses quantified annual percent change (APC) and evaluated whether decreases in CVD mortality accelerated after 2002 in either NYC or the total US population. Our analyses included 1,149,217 NYC decedents. The rates of decline in mortality from all causes, any CVD, and stroke in NYC did not change after 2002. Among men, the decline in ACVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC = -4.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1, -3.4) relative to 1990-2001 (APC = -2.3%, 95% CI: -3.1, -1.5). Among women, ACVD rates began declining more rapidly in 1993 (APC = -3.2%, 95% CI: -3.8, -2.7) and again in 2006 (APC = -6.6%, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.3) as compared with 1990-1992 (APC = 1.6%, 95% CI: -2.7, 6.0). In the US population, no acceleration of mortality decline was observed in either ACVD or CAD mortality rates after 2002. Relative to 1990-2001, atherosclerotic CVD and CAD rates began to decline more rapidly during the 2002-2011 period in both men and women-a pattern not observed in the total US population, suggesting that NYC initiatives might have had a measurable influence on delaying or reducing ACVD mortality.

Prevención y manejo de la discapacidad para trabajar: un campo de estudios necesario para abordar los retos del sistema colombiano de riesgos laborales / Work Disability Prevention: an area of study needed to address the Colombian system challenges in occupational risks

RESUMEN El artículo de revisión temática busca mostrar la importancia que tiene estudiar, introducir e implementar en Colombia el campo Work Disability Prevention, traducido al español como Prevención y Manejo de la Discapacidad para Trabajar, derivado de una investigación doctoral. La revisión se estructura a partir del diálogo entre la revisión de literatura, los hallazgos del análisis del Sistema Colombiano de riesgos Laborales, y los datos de la situación actual de los trabajadores en materia de salud en Colombia, lo cual plantea una serie de interrogantes que estructuran el desarrollo de este artículo. El análisis se realiza desde los factores determinantes de la discapacidad para trabajar, su definición y los retos que esto impone a los diferentes actores dentro del Sistema General de Seguridad Social, implicados en el proceso de prevención, atención, rehabilitación, compensación y retorno al trabajo.(AU)

ABSTRACT This paper aims to address the importance of study, introduce and implement the issue of prevention and management of work disability in Colombia. Text structure responses to questions ranging from the current situation of workers and their health in Colombia, from the importance of studying this subject; the approach of the determinants of work disability; its definition, to the challenges settled for different actors in the Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Social involved in the process of prevention, care, rehabilitation, compensation, and return home.(AU)

Eficacia de la terapia ocupacional y otras terapias no farmacológicas en el deterioro cognitivo y la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Effectiveness of occupational therapy and other non-pharmacological therapies in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Se revisa el conocimiento existente sobre la utilidad de la terapia ocupacional en el tratamiento no farmacológico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Tras realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica del periodo 2010-15 se seleccionaron 25 trabajos que cumplían con los requerimientos de inclusión. La evidencia obtenida demuestra la eficacia y efectividad de la terapia ocupacional en el retraso de la progresión de las distintas disfunciones, especialmente cuando se utilizan programas estructurados de terapia ocupacional domiciliaria. Estos programas deben incluir ejercicios aeróbicos y de fortalecimiento, estimulación cognitiva y sensorial y entrenamiento de memoria basado en el aprendizaje sin errores, habiéndose demostrado beneficios en el desempeño de actividades de la vida diaria, en el funcionamiento cognitivo y en el emocional. Destaca la importancia de la intervención combinada e individualizada a nivel domiciliario y de la educación del cuidador. Finalmente, se destaca la necesidad de más estudios sobre la efectividad de la estimulación sensorial a largo plazo (AU)

A review is presented on the existing knowledge about the usefulness of the occupational therapy in the non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease. After conducting a literature search of the period 2010-2015, 25 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The evidence obtained showed the efficiency and effectiveness of OT in delaying the progression of various disorders, especially when structured home OT programs are used. These programs should include aerobic and strengthening, sensory stimulation, and cognitive and memory training exercises based on learning without mistakes. These have shown benefits in the performance of activities of daily living, cognitive and emotional functioning. The importance is stressed of the combined and individual household level intervention and caregiver education. Finally, the need for more studies on the effectiveness of long-term sensory stimulation is highlighted (AU)

Benchmark dose of alcohol consumption for development of hyperuricemia in Japanese male workers: An 8-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND: To estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) of alcohol consumption as the reference level for the development of hyperuricemia based on the dose-response relationship. METHODS: An 8-year prospective cohort study was conducted in 8097 male workers at a Japanese steel company who received annual health check-ups between 2002 and 2009. The endpoints for development of hyperuricemia were defined as a uric acid ≥7 mg/dL or taking any anti-hyperuricemic medication. The dose-response relationship of alcohol consumption was investigated using multivariate-pooled logistic regression analyses adjusted for other potential covariates. We estimated the BMD and BMDL of alcohol consumption for the development of hyperuricemia, using the parameters obtained by pooled logistic regression with a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% or 10%. RESULTS: Mean observed years per person was 3.86 years. The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was 61.1. The odds ratio calculated for the development of hyperuricemia was 1.29 [95% confidence interval, (1.22-1.36)] with an increase in alcohol consumption per 1 gou/day (1 gou/day = alcohol 22 g/day). The estimated BMDL/BMD with a BMR of 5% was 2.5/2.8 gou/day (54.5/61.8 g/day) and with a BMR of 10% was 4.0/4.6 gou/day (88.9/100.9 g/day). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that alcohol consumption of 2.5 gou/day (=ethanol 55 g/day) caused a distinct increase in the risk of hyperuricemia. Valuable information for preventing alcohol-induced hyperuricemia was obtained by a long-term follow-up study of a large cohort.

[Novosibirsk Research Hygiene Institute - 85 years serving sanitary epidemiologic well-being of Siberia population].

The authors present review ot themes covered by Novosibirsk Research Hygiene Institute and the study results obtained over recent years. Evidences are that industrial Siberian centers demonstrate general positive changes in environmental pollution decrease and better health state of children and adolescents, but the situation remains warning about medical and sanitary care for workers engaged into hazardous work conditions, about lower diagnostic coverage of occupational diseases in periodic medical examinations. Facts are that qualified early diagnosis of primary signs of workers' disablement and opportune rehabilitation and preventive treatment enable to stop occupational diseases formation.

Workplace health promotion and labour market performance of employees.

This paper investigates the average effects of firm-provided workplace health promotion measures on labour market outcomes of the firms' employees. Exploiting linked employer-employee panel data that consist of rich survey-based and administrative information on firms, workers and regions, we apply a flexible propensity score matching approach that controls for selection on observables and time-constant unobserved factors. While the effects of analysing sickness absenteeism appear to be rather limited, our results suggest that health circles/courses increase tenure and job stability across various age groups. A key finding is that health circles/courses strengthen the labour force attachment of elderly employees (51-60), implying potential cost savings for public transfer schemes such as unemployment insurance or early retirement schemes.

Leading people positively: cross-cultural validation of the servant leadership survey (SLS)

Servant Leadership emphasizes employee’s development and growth within a context of moral and social concern. Nowadays, this management change towards workers' wellbeing is highlighted as an important issue. The aims of this paper are to adapt to Spanish speakers the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) by van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011), and to analyze its factorial validity through confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance in three countries. A sample of 638 working people from three Spanish-speaking countries (Spain, Argentina and Mexico) participated in the study. In all three countries, confirmatory factor analyses corroborate the eight factor structure (empowerment, accountability, standing back, humility, authenticity, courage, forgiveness and stewardship) with one second order factor (servant leadership) (in all three samples, CFI, IFI > .92, TLI > .91, RMSEA < .70). Also, factor loadings, reliability and convergent validity were acceptable across samples. Furthermore, through measurement invariance analysis, we detected model equivalence in all three countries including structural residual invariance (ΔCFI = .001). Finally, cultural differences in some dimensions were found and discussed, opening the way for future cross-cultural studies (AU)

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Outcomes of a hospital-based employee lactation program.

BACKGROUND: Little has been published about employee lactation support in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, has a comprehensive employee lactation program. The objective of this study was to describe the breastfeeding practices of our employees and compare these results with national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human resources department generated a list of all employees who filed for maternity leave between 2007 and 2011. These employees were contacted confidentially via e-mail to complete an electronic-based (SurveyMonkey.com) questionnaire. An initial message and three reminder messages were sent over a 3-month period during the last quarter of 2012, with 545 women completing the survey (response rate, 40%). RESULTS: Women who responded to the survey had significantly higher breastfeeding initiation rates compared with national CDC data (94.5% vs. 76.9%; p<0.0001). At 6 months, significantly more CHOP employees were breastfeeding (78.6% vs. 47.2%; p<0.0001). At 12 months 32.4% of CHOP employees were still breastfeeding compared with CDC data of 25.5% (p=0.0003). Additionally, over 20% of CHOP employees breastfed their infants for over 12 months (no national data for comparison). CONCLUSIONS: Within CHOP's comprehensive employee lactation program, women achieved breastfeeding milestones that well exceeded national data and the Healthy People 2020 targets for breastfeeding initiation and duration. CHOP's employee lactation program can serve as a model for other institutions.

Estudio de polimorfismos genéticos que intervienen en el metabolismo de estatinas / Genetic polymorhisms involved ins tatins methabolism. descriptive study

Estudio transversal descriptivo de muestras de saliva obtenidas en 35 empleados caucásicos del sector servicios que acuden a su Servicio de Medicina del Trabajo. Se estudian 10 polimorfismos genéticos, a través de una DNA-chip, relacionados con el metabolismo de las distintas estatinas. Resultados: El 34,2% y 57,1% de la muestra se comportarán fenotípicamente como metabolizadores intermedios de los fármacos que utilizan las rutas metabólicas de los genes CYP2C19 y CYP2C8, respectivamente. El 54,2%, 69,7% y 31,4% se comportan como metabolizadores normales de los fármacos relacionados con los genes CYP2C9, CYP2D6 y MDR1, respectivamente. El conocimiento de las variables alélicas de genes que codifican enzimas que intervienen en el metabolismo de las estatinas puede facilitar la personalización del tratamiento de estos pacientes y evitar efectos adversos medicamentosos. Lo que justifica, desde nuestro punto de vista, la utilización de este tipo de información en el contexto de la Medicina del Trabajo individualizada (AU)

Transverse descriptive study of saliva's samples obtained in 35 caucasian employees in their Occupational Medicine Service. Ten genetic polymorphisms involved in statins metabolism were studied. Results: 34,2 % and 57,1 % were considered phenotipicaly as intermediate in the metabolic routes of CYP2C19 and CYP2C8, respectively. 54,2%, 69,7% y 31,4% were considered as normal in the metabolic routes of CYP2C9, CYP2D6 y MDR1, respectively. The knowledge of genetic allelic variables that codify enzymes involved in statins methabolism can facilitate the treatment and avoid adverse medicamental effects of these patients. In can be usefull in the individualized Occupational Medicine (AU)

Good practice models for public workplace health promotion projects in Austria: promoting mental health.

Promoting mental health is a central public health issue since the Jakarta statement in 1997. In Austria, the nationwide organisation for health promotion is the 'Fonds Gesundes Österreich' (FGÖ), which has been established in 1998. The FGÖ funds and supports workplace health promotion projects; therefore, it co-operates with the Austrian Network on Workplace Health Promotion. In 2011, among others, two Austrian companies were honoured as best practice models for promoting mental health in the project 'Work. In tune with life. Move Europe'. One of their central key success factors are the provision of equal opportunities, engagement, their focus on overall health as well as the implementation of behavioural and environmental preventive measures. Since mental health problems in the population are still rising, public health promotion projects which orientate on the best practice models have to be established in Austria.

[Current status of occupational health activities and the way that occupational health services should be offered to small- and medium-scale enterprises].

Activating occupational safety and health activities among Small- and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs) is a major issue because more than 80% of Japanese workers belong to these enterprises, in which the number of workers are less than 300 people. However, as the size of the enterprise decreases, the occurrence of problems of safety and health management systems and safety and health activities increases. Reasons for this include both the limitations of investments shortages of human resources. Occupational health services in SMEs has been provided by the cooperation of the following institutions: public associations (such as Regional Occupational Health Centers, Occupational Health Promotion Centers, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA)), occupational health agencies which provide checkup services, health insurance associations, and regional medical services. In contrast to the low coverage of occupational health services among SMEs in Japan, there are some countries in Europe in which this coverage is almost 100%. This is because of the development of occupational health services outside the company. To show the benefits of the safety and health activities to managers of SMEs, and to motivate them to take advantage of the services, it is important to consider measurements. Also, establishing systems that provide those services, improving the quality of specialists such as occupational physicians, and educating human resources, are all necessary.